翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Reactive dye printing ・ Reactive empirical bond order ・ Reactive extrusion ・ Reactive flash volatilization ・ Reactive gastropathy ・ Reactive hypoglycemia ・ Reactive inhibition ・ Reactive intermediate ・ Reactive liquid extraction ・ Reactive lymphocyte ・ Reactive magnesia ・ Reactive material ・ Reactive mind ・ Reactive neutrophilic dermatoses ・ Reactive nitrogen ・ Reactive nitrogen species ・ Reactive oxygen species ・ Reactive oxygen species production in marine microalgae ・ Reactive perforating collagenosis ・ Reactive planning ・ Reactive programming ・ Reactive search optimization ・ Reactive system ・ Reactive transport modeling in porous media ・ Reactive user interface ・ Reactive-ion etching ・ Reactivity ・ Reactivity (chemistry) ・ Reactivity (psychology) ・ Reactivity series Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Reactive nitrogen species ： ウィキペディア英語版 Reactive nitrogen species Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (·NO) and superoxide (O2·−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively. NOS2 is expressed primarily in macrophages after induction by cytokines and microbial products, notably interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reactive nitrogen species act together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage cells, causing nitrosative stress. Therefore, these two species are often collectively referred to as ROS/RNS. Reactive nitrogen species are also continuously produced in plants as by-products of aerobic metabolism or in response to stress. == Types == RNS are produced in animals starting with the reaction of nitric oxide (·NO) with superoxide (O2·−) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−): * ·NO (nitric oxide) + O2·− (superoxide) → ONOO− (peroxynitrite) Superoxide anion (O2−) is a reactive oxygen species that reacts quickly with nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature. The reaction produces peroxynitrite and depletes the bioactivity of NO. This is important because NO is a key mediator in many important vascular functions including regulation of smooth muscle tone and blood pressure, platelet activation, and vascular cell signaling. Peroxynitrite itself is a highly reactive species which can directly react with various biological targets and components of the cell including lipids, thiols, amino acid residues, DNA bases, and low-molecular weight antioxidants. However, these reactions happen at a relatively slow rate. This slow reaction rate allows it to react more selectively throughout the cell. Peroxynitrite is able to get across cell membranes to some extent through anion channels. Additionally peroxynitrite can react with other molecules to form additional types of RNS including nitrogen dioxide (·NO2) and dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) as well as other types of chemically reactive free radicals. Important reactions involving RNS include: * ONOO− + H+ → ONOOH (peroxynitrous acid) → ·NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) + ·OH (hydroxyl radical) * ONOO− + CO2 (carbon dioxide) → ONOOCO2− (nitrosoperoxycarbonate) * ONOOCO2− → ·NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) + O=C(O·)O− (carbonate radical) * ·NO + ·NO2 N2O3 (dinitrogen trioxide) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reactive nitrogen species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.